• Irregular Menstrual Cycles 

Your menstrual cycle may become longer or shorter than usual, with irregular intervals between periods. Sometimes, menstruation might only occur every 2-3 months.

• Changes in Menstrual Flow 

Irregular menstrual cycles, coupled with hormonal fluctuations, can lead to abnormal menstrual flow. This may manifest as heavier or lighter bleeding than usual, or the appearance of blood clots.

• Vaginal Dryness 

Due to decreased estrogen, the vagina undergoes several changes: reduced natural lubrication, thinning of the vaginal lining (vaginal atrophy), and loss of elasticity. This can lead to sensations of dryness, burning, or discomfort, particularly during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).

• Decreased Libido 

Sexual function can also be significantly affected during perimenopause. Many women experience a decline in sexual desire (libido) and interest in sexual activities. They may find it harder to achieve orgasm, or experience reduced sensation or pain during intercourse due to vaginal dryness.

• Hot Flashes 

This is one of the most characteristic signs of perimenopause. It involves a sudden sensation of intense heat spreading from the chest and neck to the face and entire body, often accompanied by flushing and profuse sweating. Hot flashes frequently occur at night, potentially causing sleep disturbances (night sweats), with each episode lasting from a few seconds to several minutes.

• Mood Swings and Emotional Lability 

Women in this stage often become more irritable, easily angered, and experience rapid, difficult-to-control emotional shifts. There’s an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety, and they may overreact to everyday situations.

• Impaired Memory and Concentration 

Many women experience cognitive changes such as forgetfulness regarding daily tasks, difficulty concentrating at work and in daily life, an inability to think clearly (“brain fog”), and trouble finding the right words during conversations (word-finding difficulties).

• Difficulty Managing Weight 

Physical and psychological changes during perimenopause can affect eating habits and metabolism. As women age, their metabolic rate tends to slow down. This, combined with the psychological impact of anxiety and stress, can make weight management more challenging.

• Musculoskeletal Pain 

Women may experience frequent back pain, joint pain (arthralgia), and muscle aches (myalgia). Some report chest tightness or pain. There is also a decrease in bone mineral density, increasing the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, which can make movement and physical activity more difficult.

• Sleep Disturbances 

Sleep quality can markedly decline. Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep (sleep-onset insomnia), waking frequently during the night (sleep-maintenance insomnia), non-restorative or light sleep, nocturnal hot flashes disrupting sleep, and waking up early with an inability to fall back asleep.

Understanding perimenopause helps women better prepare psychologically and plan appropriate healthcare strategies. If you are experiencing any of the signs mentioned above or have further questions about your gynecological health, please contact the Dr. Marie Clinic System immediately. Our dedicated team of specialist physicians is ready to provide thorough consultation and timely support.