GENITAL WARTS: CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS
What Are Genital Warts?
Genital warts, also known as condyloma acuminata, are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Not all individuals infected with HPV will develop genital warts; only specific strains are responsible for this condition.
The primary manifestation of genital warts includes small, pinkish, cauliflower-like growths that may bleed easily. These lesions can appear around the genital area, including the vagina, cervix, vulva, penis, and anus.
Causes of Genital Warts
Genital warts are primarily transmitted through direct sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The infection can also spread through sharing sex toys with an infected individual. In rare cases, a mother can transmit the virus to her baby during childbirth.
Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV or undergoing cancer treatments, are at increased risk of contracting HPV. Early initiation of sexual activity and having multiple sexual partners can also elevate the risk of infection.
Symptoms of Genital Warts
The hallmark symptoms of genital warts include the appearance of small, pink or flesh-colored bumps that may resemble cauliflower florets. These growths can appear singly or in clusters around the genital, anal, or oral regions. While they are often painless, they may cause itching, discomfort, or bleeding, especially during sexual activity.
Prevention of Genital Warts
Preventive measures include:
- Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity.
- Vaccination against HPV, which can protect against the strains responsible for genital warts and certain cancers.
- Regular STI screenings, particularly for sexually active individuals.
- Limiting the number of sexual partners and engaging in mutually monogamous relationships.
It’s important to note that while condoms can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, they do not provide complete protection, as HPV can infect areas not covered by the condom.
Treatment of Genital Warts
Treatment options aim to remove visible warts and alleviate symptoms, as there is no cure for the HPV infection itself. Common treatment methods include:
- Topical medications: Prescribed creams or solutions applied directly to the warts.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen.
- Surgical removal: Excision of the warts using surgical instruments, laser, or electrosurgery.
Treatment choice depends on the size, location, and number of warts, as well as patient preference and medical history. It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
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